Tuareg (in Burkina Faso), Adar, Shanun Adar (in Hausa), Tagana, Azawa, Azawal, Azawaje (in Fulani), Arab (in Niger), Azawak and AzaouakDamerghou
Breed Group Name:
West African Zebu
Subgroup Information:
Sahel Zebu
Group Origin:
The widely accepted theory for the origin of present day zebu cattle in West Africa states that they came from the westward spread of the early zebu populations in East Africa through the Sudan. As for other zebu types, the cattle breeds of this group are found mainly in the drier regions. Their body conformation resembles the zebu cattle of eastern Africa (Epstein, 1971; Payne and Wilson, 1999). The zebu did not appear in West Africa until about 1800 BP. The increasing aridity of the climate and the deterioration of the environment in the Sahel appear to have favoured the introduction and spread of the zebu, as they are superior to longhorn and shorthorn (Bos taurus) cattle in withstanding drought conditions. Another theory based on archaeological findings in the Sahara (Muzzolini, 2000) argues that there was a separate domestication of cervico-thoracic humped zebu cattle in the region and become the ancestors of the Fulani. However, a recent molecular genetic evidence (Hanotte et al., 2002) supported an earlier suggestion that the major process of Bos indicus influence centred in East Africa, and that its genetic introgression spread to the west of the continent. In any case, gradual interbreeding the earlier zebu populations with the prevailing Bos taurus type of cattle is believed to have resulted in the present-day local breeds that exhibit West African Shorthorn characteristics, e.g., the Shuwa. Similarly, the lyre-horned zebu breeds of the Fulani pastoralists, such as Red Bororo, appear to be the result of early upgrading of longhorn-type cattle by the introduced zebu cattle (Payne and Wilson, 1999). Overall, the Fulani differ from the typical zebu of western and eastern Africa by the presence of long horns and from the cerico-thoracic-humped Sanga by the presence of a thoracic and sometimes intermediate hump. The West African Zebu cattle consist of two main groups: the Gudali group (Adamawa, Sokoto) and the Fulani group. The Fulani have been classified further into two groups: the lyre-horned subgroup consisting of Senegalese Fulani (or the Gobra), the Sudanese Fulani, and the White Fulani (or Bunaji); and long-horned subgroup represented by the Red Fulani (or Rahaji). Diali (or Djeli) is a strain of Fulani found on the flood plains of Niger river in Niger and south-west Nigeria (Rege 1999; Rege and Tawah, 1999).
Breed Origin :
These zebu breeds are believed to have descended from the Indo-Pakistani Zebu, which entered the Horn of Africa by way of the Persian Gulf and South Arabia. Arabian immigrants spread the zebus to the south and west over the continent from 669 BC. Curiously, the name Arab is used to name cattle types in the Sahel. The conformation (short horns and medium hump) suggest that these cattle have descended direct from the spread of short-horned zebu from eastern Africa, and remained in the arid environment of Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso and Nigeria.
Main Location:
Found in the Azaouak valley in a vast, windy depression stretching 3¦to 7¦E Longitude and 15¦to 20¦ N Latitude covering the arid eastern Mali in the Niger River bend through southern Niger to parts of northern Nigeria.
Habitat:
Special
Characteristic:
Very well adapted to drought; suitable for beef and draught; coat colour is usually a mixture of red and white, black and white or fawn with white patches.
